Lung Health in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing the Need for Cleaner Air.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101238455 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-4601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16604601 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Res Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel : MDPI, c2004-

Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Air Pollution, Indoor/*adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*etiology; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Biomass ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pregnancy ; South Africa ; Wood

Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a global health emergency with its impacts being wide ranging, more so for low- and middle-income countries where both indoor and outdoor pollution levels are high. In Africa, more than 80% of children live in households which use unclean sources of energy. The effects of both indoor and outdoor pollution on lung health on children who are the most vulnerable to their effects range from acute lower respiratory tract infections to long-term chronic health effects. We reviewed the literature on the effects of air pollution in children in Sub-Saharan Africa from prenatal exposure, infancy and school-going children. Data from Sub-Saharan Africa on quantification of exposures both indoor and outdoor mainly utilizes modelling or self-reporting. Exposures to biomass not only increases the risk of acute respiratory tract infections in young children but also increases the risk of carriage of pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract. Although there is limited evidence of association between asthma and pollution in African children, airway hyper-responsiveness and lower lung function has been demonstrated in children with higher risk of exposure. Interventions at a policy level to both quantify the exposure levels at a population level are urgently needed to address the possible interventions to limit exposure and improve lung health in children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Keywords: indoor; lung health; outdoor; pollution; respiratory tract infection

0 (Air Pollutants)

Date Created: 20200830 Date Completed: 20201123 Latest Revision: 20240329

20240329

PMC7504680

10.3390/ijerph17176178

32858786