Understanding the Mechanisms of Diet and Outcomes in Colon, Prostate, and Breast Cancer; Malignant Gliomas; and Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Immunotherapy*; Breast Neoplasms/*therapy ; Colonic Neoplasms/*therapy ; Diet/*methods ; Glioma/*therapy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*therapy; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diet, Ketogenic/methods ; Diet, Vegetarian/methods ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Cancer patients often ask which foods would be best to consume to improve outcomes. This is a difficult question to answer as there are no case-controlled, prospective studies that control for confounding factors. Therefore, a literature review utilizing PubMed was conducted with the goal to find evidence-based support for certain diets in specific cancer patients-specifically, we reviewed data for colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant gliomas, and cancer patients on immunotherapy. Improved outcomes in colon cancer and patients on immunotherapy were found with high-fiber diets. Improved outcomes in malignant gliomas were found with ketogenic diets. Improved outcomes in prostate cancer and breast cancer were found with plant-based diets. However, the data are not conclusive for breast cancer. Additionally, the increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids were also associated with better outcomes for prostate cancer. While current research, especially in humans, is minimal, the studies discussed in this review provide the groundwork for future research to further investigate the role of dietary intervention in improving cancer outcomes.

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Keywords: breast cancer; cancer; cancer outcomes; cancer prognosis; carcinoma; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; diet; immunotherapy; malignant gliomas; prostate cancer; western diet

0 (Dietary Fiber)
0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3)

Date Created: 20200730 Date Completed: 20210312 Latest Revision: 20210312

20250114

PMC7468768

10.3390/nu12082226

32722632