Unexpected Genetic Diversity of Two Novel Swine MRVs in Italy.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Genetic Variation*; Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/*genetics ; Reoviridae Infections/*virology ; Swine Diseases/*virology; Animals ; Capsid Proteins/genetics ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Europe ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Italy ; Mutation ; Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/classification ; Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Serogroup ; Swine ; Vero Cells

Mammalian Orthoreoviruses (MRV) are segmented dsRNA viruses in the family Reoviridae . MRVs infect mammals and cause asymptomatic respiratory, gastro-enteric and, rarely, encephalic infections. MRVs are divided into at least three serotypes: MRV1, MRV2 and MRV3. In Europe, swine MRV (swMRV) was first isolated in Austria in 1998 and subsequently reported more than fifteen years later in Italy. In the present study, we characterized two novel reassortant swMRVs identified in one same Italian farm over two years. The two viruses shared the same genetic backbone but showed evidence of reassortment in the S1, S4, M2 segments and were therefore classified into two serotypes: MRV3 in 2016 and MRV2 in 2018. A genetic relation to pig, bat and human MRVs and other unknown sources was identified. A considerable genetic diversity was observed in the Italian MRV3 and MRV2 compared to other available swMRVs. The S1 protein presented unique amino acid signatures in both swMRVs, with unexpected frequencies for MRV2. The remaining genes formed distinct and novel genetic groups that revealed a geographically related evolution of swMRVs in Italy. This is the first report of the complete molecular characterization of novel reassortant swMRVs in Italy and Europe, which suggests a greater genetic diversity of swMRVs never identified before.
Competing Interests: Authors declare no interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Keywords: MRV2; MRV3; novel MRV2 group; reassortment; swine MRVs

0 (Capsid Proteins)

Date Created: 20200528 Date Completed: 20210222 Latest Revision: 20210222

20231215

PMC7290992

10.3390/v12050574

32456089