Hypolipidemic Effects of β-Glucans, Mannans, and Fucoidans: Mechanism of Action and Their Prospects for Clinical Application.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c1995-

Gene Regulatory Networks/*drug effects ; Hyperlipidemias/*diet therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents/*pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/*pharmacology; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hexosaminidases/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/metabolism ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Mannans/pharmacology ; Mannans/therapeutic use ; Polysaccharides/therapeutic use ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; beta-Glucans/pharmacology ; beta-Glucans/therapeutic use

The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.

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Keywords: fucoidan; hypolipidemic effect; mannan; polysaccharide; β-glucan

0 (CLEC7A protein, human)
0 (Hypolipidemic Agents)
0 (Lectins, C-Type)
0 (Mannans)
0 (Polysaccharides)
0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
0 (beta-Glucans)
9072-19-9 (fucoidan)
EC 3.2.1.- (Hexosaminidases)
EC 3.2.1.- (chitotriosidase)

Date Created: 20200423 Date Completed: 20210125 Latest Revision: 20210125

20250114

PMC7221696

10.3390/molecules25081819

32316136