California Autism Prevalence by County and Race/Ethnicity: Declining Trends Among Wealthy Whites.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7904301 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3432 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01623257 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Autism Dev Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2006- >: New York, NY : Springer
Original Publication: New York, Plenum Press.

Ethnicity* ; Local Government*; Autistic Disorder/*economics ; Autistic Disorder/*ethnology ; Income/*trends ; White People/*ethnology; Adolescent ; California/ethnology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence

County-level ASD prevalence was estimated using an age-resolved snapshot from the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) for birth years 1993-2013. ASD prevalence increased among all children across birth years 1993-2000 but plateaued or declined thereafter among whites from wealthy counties. In contrast, ASD rates increased continuously across 1993-2013 among whites from lower income counties and Hispanics from all counties. Both white ASD prevalence and rate of change in prevalence were inversely correlated to county income from birth year 2000-2013 but not 1993-2000. These disparate trends within the dataset suggest that wealthy white parents, starting around 2000, may have begun opting out of DDS in favor of private care and/or making changes that effectively lowered their children's risk of ASD.

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Keywords: Asian; Autism spectrum disorder; Black; California; County; Hispanic; Income; Prevalence; Race/ethnicity; Silicon Valley; Time trends; White

Date Created: 20200321 Date Completed: 20210125 Latest Revision: 20221207

20231215

PMC7557477

10.1007/s10803-020-04460-0

32193763