Impact of Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity on Body Composition Parameters, Lipid Profile Markers, and Irisin Levels in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Biomarkers* ; Body Composition* ; Exercise*; Fibronectins/*blood ; Lipids/*blood; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Public Health Surveillance ; ROC Curve

In adolescence, health status is influenced by several factors, including dietary pattern and physical activity (PA) which are crucial elements of lifestyle in terms of prevention and treatment of metabolic and chronic diseases. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the different intensity levels of PA along with the adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), on body composition indices and metabolic parameters in a cohort of adolescents, thereby investigating potential predictors of health behavior in youth. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 92 participants (44 girls and 48 boys, aged 14 to 17 years), which were divided into the following three groups according to intensity levels of PA: Group A (physical inactivity), Group B (moderate PA), and Group C (vigorous-intensity PA). The Questionnaire of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED test) was used to assess both diet composition and adherence to a MD. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, bio-impedentiometric analysis for body composition parameters, and biochemical and hormonal measurements. The majority of adolescents (60.87%) had a medium adherence to the MD, and even a better distribution of food rates was found in adolescents performing vigorous-intensity PA. A comparison of anthropometric measurements and body composition parameters among groups showed that body mass index and fat mass (FM) were significantly lower while body cell mass (BCM), free fat mass (FFM), phase angle (PhA), and total body water (TBW) were higher in Group C adolescents as compared with those of Group A. In Group C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was reduced and insulin levels were inversely associated with FFM ( r = -0.454 and p = 0.004) and directly correlated with FM ( r = 0.331 and p = 0.003). In the same Group C, we observed elevated serum irisin levels and lower lipid profile markers as compared with Group A. Interestingly, irisin negatively correlated with both total cholesterol ( r = -0.428 and p = 0.04) and LDL ( r = -0.468 and p = 0.02) in Group C. Finally, a receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed irisin, LDL, HDL, and body composition variables (FFM, BMC, PhA, and TBW) as the most predictive measures for vigorous-intensity PA. Our results highlight the importance of developing healthy lifestyle programs that include improving the intensity of PA among a young population as a superior strategy for ensuring a better quality of life.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019 Nov 5;:1-12. (PMID: 31690142)
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 May 11;7:40. (PMID: 20459784)
Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Jul 25;17(1):171. (PMID: 30045723)
J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:2868652. (PMID: 27069930)
Metabolism. 2012 Dec;61(12):1725-38. (PMID: 23018146)
N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 2;363(23):2211-9. (PMID: 21121834)
Pediatrics. 2014 Oct;134(4):e1229-43. (PMID: 25266429)
Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;31(6):854-61. (PMID: 22698802)
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Dec 01;32(6):2390-9. (PMID: 26667685)
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56 Suppl 2:S25-32. (PMID: 12082515)
Clin Nutr. 2019 Aug;38(4):1504-1510. (PMID: 30224304)
J Physiol. 2013 Nov 1;591(21):5393-400. (PMID: 24000180)
Diabetes Care. 2006 Jun;29(6):1433-8. (PMID: 16732040)
Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec;33(12):2692-6. (PMID: 21115771)
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):713-20. (PMID: 7674876)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 24;15(12):. (PMID: 30477217)
N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2599-608. (PMID: 12826634)
Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7382):463-8. (PMID: 22237023)
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 17;10(3):e0121367. (PMID: 25781950)
Nutrients. 2013 Dec 04;5(12):4908-23. (PMID: 24304608)
Am J Prev Med. 2005 Oct;29(3):171-8. (PMID: 16168865)
Can J Cardiol. 2004 Mar 1;20(3):295-301. (PMID: 15054507)
Am Fam Physician. 1999 Mar 15;59(6):1521-8, 1531-2. (PMID: 10193594)
J Phys Act Health. 2014 May;11 Suppl 1:S113-25. (PMID: 25426906)
Can J Cardiol. 2010 Jun-Jul;26(6):201-5. (PMID: 20548982)
BMJ. 2008 Sep 11;337:a1344. (PMID: 18786971)
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Dec;14(12A):2274-84. (PMID: 22166184)
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(5):593-610. (PMID: 24261534)
Cell Metab. 2013 Feb 5;17(2):162-84. (PMID: 23395166)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1289-99. (PMID: 25625801)
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Apr 03;8(8):457-65. (PMID: 22473333)
Nutr Rev. 2009 May;67 Suppl 1:S111-6. (PMID: 19453663)
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov;92(5):1257-64. (PMID: 20861173)
Nutr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;75(6):442-455. (PMID: 28595318)
Horm Metab Res. 2014 Feb;46(2):150-4. (PMID: 24062088)
Lipids Health Dis. 2017 Jul 5;16(1):132. (PMID: 28679436)
Nutr Rev. 2006 Feb;64(2 Pt 2):S27-47. (PMID: 16532897)
Eur J Clin Invest. 2017 Jun;47(6):447-455. (PMID: 28407234)
Front Public Health. 2018 Oct 05;6:288. (PMID: 30345266)
J Public Health (Oxf). 2006 Mar;28(1):10-6. (PMID: 16473923)
Diabetologia. 2007 Sep;50(9):1832-1840. (PMID: 17641870)
Nutrients. 2017 Sep 26;9(10):. (PMID: 28954418)
Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(6):756-66. (PMID: 20155613)
Nutrition. 2014 Nov-Dec;30(11-12):1379-83. (PMID: 25280416)
Eur J Public Health. 2018 Aug 1;28(4):631-635. (PMID: 29590337)
Br J Nutr. 2019 Jan;121(2):221-231. (PMID: 30394237)
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Sep;114(9):1875-88. (PMID: 24906447)
Metabolism. 2015 Sep;64(9):1042-50. (PMID: 26081427)
Nutrition. 2017 Mar;35:87-92. (PMID: 28241995)
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;2(11):861-2. (PMID: 25439461)
Am J Hum Biol. 2004 Nov-Dec;16(6):697-703. (PMID: 15495228)
J Phys Act Health. 2016 Nov;13(11 Suppl 2):S343-S366. (PMID: 27848745)

prot. #52243/2017EU Regional Operational Programme Calabria, Italy (POR Calabria FESR-FSE 2014-2020) Di.Me.Nu. Regione Calabria; Department of Excellence (Italian Law. 232/2016) Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; body composition; healthy lifestyle; irisin; lipid profile marker; physical activity

0 (Biomarkers)
0 (FNDC5 protein, human)
0 (Fibronectins)
0 (Lipids)

Date Created: 20200315 Date Completed: 20201209 Latest Revision: 20201214

20231215

PMC7146488

10.3390/nu12030742

32168929