Cognitive Brain Signatures of Youth With Early Onset and Relatives With Schizophrenia: Evidence From fMRI Meta-analyses.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0236760 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1745-1701 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 05867614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Schizophr Bull Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2005- : Cary, NC : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: [Chevy Chase, Md., For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. Washington]

Brain Mapping* ; Family*; Adolescent Development/*physiology ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/*physiopathology ; Schizophrenia/*physiopathology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging

Deficits in cognitive function are a major characteristic of schizophrenia. Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies examine brain correlates of cognitive function in adults with schizophrenia, showing altered implication of associative areas such as the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex. fMRI studies also examine brain representation of cognitive function in adolescents with early onset schizophrenia and those at risk of the disorder, yet results are often inconsistent. We compile and analyze data from eligible fMRI studies using quantitative meta-analyses to reveal concordant brain activity associated with adolescent relatives of patients with schizophrenia and those with early onset schizophrenia. Results show similar functional hubs of brain activity (eg, precuneus) yet in opposite hemispheres and clusters in ventrolateral rather than dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Other areas of altered implication include the middle temporal gyrus, insula, and cerebellum. We discuss the findings in reference to the protracted maturation of the prefrontal cortex and possible effects due to the medication status of the two groups.
(© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

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Keywords: adolescence/early onset schizophrenia; fMRI; meta-analyses; schizophrenia relatives

Date Created: 20200125 Date Completed: 20210517 Latest Revision: 20210709

20240829

PMC7345811

10.1093/schbul/sbz130

31978222