Cultivation and aerosolization of Stachybotrys chartarum for modeling pulmonary inhalation exposure.

Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8910739 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-7691 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08958378 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Inhal Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
Original Publication: New York, N.Y. : Hemisphere Pub. Corp., c1989-

Air Microbiology/*standards ; Air Pollutants/*isolation & purification ; Inhalation Exposure/*analysis ; Lung/*microbiology ; Stachybotrys/*isolation & purification; Aerosols ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microbial Viability ; Oryza/microbiology ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification ; Spores, Fungal/metabolism ; Stachybotrys/growth & development ; Stachybotrys/metabolism ; Trichothecenes/metabolism

Objective: Stachybotrys chartarum is a hydrophilic fungal species commonly found as a contaminant in water-damaged building materials. Although several studies have suggested that S. chartarum exposure elicits a variety of adverse health effects, the ability to characterize the pulmonary immune responses to exposure is limited by delivery methods that do not replicate environmental exposure. This study aimed to develop a method of S. chartarum aerosolization to better model inhalation exposures. Materials and methods: An acoustical generator system (AGS) was previously developed and utilized to aerosolize and deliver fungal spores to mice housed in a multi-animal nose-only exposure chamber. In this study, methods for cultivating, heat-inactivating, and aerosolizing two macrocyclic trichothecene-producing strains of S. chartartum using the AGS are described. Results and discussion: In addition to conidia, acoustical generation of one strain of S. chartarum resulted in the aerosolization of fungal fragments (<2 µm aerodynamic diameter) derived from conidia, phialides, and hyphae that initially comprised 50% of the total fungal particle count but was reduced to less than 10% over the duration of aerosolization. Acoustical generation of heat-inactivated S. chartarum did not result in a similar level of fragmentation. Delivery of dry, unextracted S. chartarum using these aerosolization methods resulted in pulmonary inflammation and immune cell infiltration in mice inhaling viable, but not heat-inactivated S. chartarum . Conclusions: These methods of S. chartarum growth and aerosolization allow for the delivery of fungal bioaerosols to rodents that may better simulate natural exposure within water-damaged indoor environments.

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CC999999 United States ImCDC Intramural CDC HHS

Keywords: Fungi; acoustical generator; fungal aerosolization; fungal exposure; fungal fragments; inhalation exposure

0 (Aerosols)
0 (Air Pollutants)
0 (Trichothecenes)
16Z45187LG (verrucarol)

Date Created: 20191226 Date Completed: 20200608 Latest Revision: 20210110

20231215

PMC7021356

10.1080/08958378.2019.1705939

31874574