Depression and the Diagnosis of MCI in a Culturally Diverse Sample in the United States.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9004255 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5843 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08876177 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: New York : Pergamon Press, c1986-

Cognitive Dysfunction*/diagnosis ; Depression*/diagnosis; Aged ; Cognition ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; United States

Objective: To analyze (1) whether there are ethnic differences in the severity of depressive symptoms between groups of elders classified as cognitively normal (CN) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and (2) the influence of depressive symptoms on specific cognitive performance by ethnicity across diagnoses, controlling for covariates.
Methods: 164 Hispanics residing in the United States (HAs) and European Americans (EAs) (100 women; Mage = 72.1, SD = 8.0) were diagnosed as either CN or aMCI. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognition was assessed using the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (semantic memory), Multilingual Naming Test (confrontation naming), and the Stroop Test (Color-Word condition; executive function). A 2 × 2 univariate ANCOVA as well as linear and logistic regressions explored differences in depressive symptoms among diagnostic and ethnic groups.
Results: Higher depression was seen in aMCI compared to the CN group for both ethnicities, after controlling for age, education, gender, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Greater levels of depression also predicted lower scores in confrontation naming and semantic memory for only the EA group and marginally in scores of executive function for HA participants. GDS-15 scores of ≤ 4 also predicted less likelihood of aMCI diagnosis.
Conclusions: Severity of depressive symptoms was associated with greater cognitive impairment, independent of ethnicity. Significant results suggest detrimental effects of depression on clinical diagnoses most evidently for subjects from the EA group.
(© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

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L30 AG060558 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 AG047649 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; R01 AG055638 United States AG NIA NIH HHS

Keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease; Cognition; Depression; European American; Hispanic/Latinos; Memory; Mild cognitive impairment

Date Created: 20191116 Date Completed: 20210216 Latest Revision: 20240502

20240502

PMC7881973

10.1093/arclin/acz043

31729523