Theory of Mind, Self-Knowledge, and Perceptions of Loneliness in Emerging Adolescents.

Publisher: Psychology Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985112R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-0896 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00221325 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Genet Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2010- : Philadelphia : Psychology Press
Original Publication: Provincetown, Mass. : Journal Press

Interpersonal Relations* ; Loneliness* ; Self Concept* ; Social Perception*; Adolescent Development/*physiology ; Theory of Mind/*physiology; Adolescent ; Canada ; Child ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors

Theory of Mind (ToM) or the ability to understand mental states in self and others to explain behavior continues to develop in adolescence and connects to social experiences. Research shows during adolescence, ToM may influence one's ability to evaluate and judge one's self-worth and their social interactions. However, few studies examine the associations among self-knowledge, ToM, and social experiences. This study explored individual differences and associations among 146 Canadian adolescents' ToM, self-knowledge, and loneliness (86 females; M age  = 13.2 years). Self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews measured ToM, self-knowledge, and perceptions of friendship quality, social preferences, and loneliness. Results showed higher levels of ToM were related to lower ratings of self-perceived physical appearance, global self-worth, and loneliness. Compared to boys, girls with higher levels of ToM reported a more comprehensive understanding of self-distinctiveness and agency, although they felt less lonely. Implications for developmental social cognitive theory and mental health education are discussed.

Keywords: Adolescence; gender differences; loneliness; school transitions; self-knowledge; social cognition

Date Created: 20191109 Date Completed: 20200831 Latest Revision: 20200831

20231215

10.1080/00221325.2019.1687418

31701813