Error variability affects the after effects following motor learning of lateral balance control during walking in people with spinal cord injury.

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: France NLM ID: 8918110 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-9568 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0953816X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: : Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Published on behalf of the European Neuroscience Association by Oxford University Press, c1989-

Postural Balance*/physiology ; Walking*/physiology; Spinal Cord Injuries/*rehabilitation; Adaptation, Physiological ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Leg ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Neurological Rehabilitation/methods ; Robotics ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

People with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) usually show impairments in lateral balance control during walking. Effective interventions for improving balance control are still lacking, probably due to limited understanding of motor learning mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine how error size and error variability impact the motor learning of lateral balance control during walking in people with iSCI. Fifteen people with iSCI were recruited. A controlled assistance force was applied to the pelvis in the medial-lateral direction using a customized cable-driven robotic system. Participants were tested using 3 conditions, including abrupt, gradual, and varied forces. In each condition, participants walked on a treadmill with no force for 1 min (baseline), with force for 9 min (adaptation), and then with no force for additional 2 min (post-adaptation). The margin of stability at heel contact (MoS_HC) and minimum value moment (MoS_Min) were calculated to compare the learning effect across different conditions. Electromyogram signals from the weaker leg were also collected. Participants showed an increase in MoS_Min (after effect) following force release during the post-adaptation period for all three conditions. Participants showed a faster adaptation and a shorter lasting of after effect in MoS_Min for the varied condition in comparison with the gradual and abrupt force conditions. Increased error variability may facilitate motor learning in lateral balance control during walking in people with iSCI, although a faster learning may induce a shorter lasting of after effect. Error size did not show an impact on the lasting of after effect.
(© 2019 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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R01 HD083314 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS

Keywords: error size; error variability; lateral balance; motor adaptation; pelvis assistance; spinal cord injury

Date Created: 20190605 Date Completed: 20200810 Latest Revision: 20201001

20240829

PMC6821555

10.1111/ejn.14478

31161634