Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9708816 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-6394 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10914269 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Depress Anxiety Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York, NY : Wiley, c1997-

Parent-Child Relations*; Crime Victims/*psychology ; Depression/*epidemiology ; Depression/*psychology ; Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder/*psychology ; Parents/*psychology; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Violence/psychology ; Violence/statistics & numerical data

Background: The significance of the timing and chronicity of childhood adversity for depression outcomes later in life is unclear. Identifying trajectories of adversity throughout childhood would allow classification of children according to the accumulation, timing, and persistence of adversity, and may provide unique insights into the risk of subsequent depression.
Methods: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we created a composite adversity score comprised of 10 prospectively assessed domains (e.g., violent victimization, inter-parental conflict, and financial hardship) for each of eight time points from birth through age 11.5 years. We used semiparametric group-based trajectory modeling to derive childhood adversity trajectories and examined the association between childhood adversity and depression outcomes at the age of 18 years.
Results: Among 9,665 participants, five adversity trajectories were identified, representing stable-low levels (46.3%), stable-mild levels (37.1%), decreasing levels (8.9%), increasing levels (5.3%), and stable-high levels of adversity (2.5%) from birth through late childhood. Approximately 8% of the sample met criteria for probable depression at 18 years and the mean depression severity score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 3.95, range 0-21). The risk of depression in young adulthood was elevated in the decreasing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.48), increasing (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.15-2.86), and stable-high (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00-3.23) adversity groups, compared to those with stable-low adversity, when adjusting for potential confounders.
Conclusions: Children in trajectory groups characterized by moderate or high levels of adversity at some point in childhood exhibited consistently greater depression risk and depression severity, regardless of the timing of adversity.
(© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

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MC_PC_19009 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; 08426812/Z/07/Z United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; 102215/2/13/2 United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust; P2C HD041041 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; G9815508 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; R24 HD044943 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust

Keywords: ALSPAC; adverse childhood experiences; childhood adversity; depression; mental health; trajectories

Date Created: 20190319 Date Completed: 20191104 Latest Revision: 20240320

20240320

PMC6602824

10.1002/da.22887

30884010