Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand's founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

International Cooperation*; Health Equity/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Health Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Health Services, Indigenous/*legislation & jurisprudence; Animals ; Biometric Identification/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial/classification ; DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification ; Female ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Phylogeny ; Sheep/genetics ; United Kingdom

Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand's founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an archived piece of blank parchment that has been proposed to be the missing portion of the lower parchment of the Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty. However, its physical dimensions and characteristics are not consistent with this hypothesis. We perform genetic analyses on the parchment membranes of the Treaty, plus the blank piece of parchment. We find that all three parchments were made from ewes and that the blank parchment is highly likely to be a portion cut from the lower membrane of the Waitangi Sheet because they share identical whole mitochondrial genomes, including an unusual heteroplasmic site. We suggest that the differences in size and characteristics between the two pieces of parchment may have resulted from the Treaty's exposure to water in the early 20th century and the subsequent repair work, light exposure during exhibition or the later conservation treatments in the 1970s and 80s. The blank piece of parchment will be valuable for comparison tests to study the effects of earlier treatments and to monitor the effects of long-term display on the Treaty.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Dryad 10.5061/dryad.5vb1601

0 (DNA, Mitochondrial)

Date Created: 20190117 Date Completed: 20191118 Latest Revision: 20200309

20231215

PMC6334937

10.1371/journal.pone.0210528

30650155