Inhalation Injury and Toxic Industrial Chemical Exposure.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2984771R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1930-613X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00264075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mil Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2018- : Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Washington, D.C. : Association of Military Surgeons, United States, 1955-

Chemical Hazard Release/*mortality ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects; Ammonia/adverse effects ; Chemical Hazard Release/statistics & numerical data ; Chlorine/adverse effects ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Phosgene/adverse effects

Toxic industrial chemicals include chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia have variable effects on the respiratory tract, and maybe seen alone or in combination, secondary to inhalation injury. Other considerations include the effects of cyanide, carbon monoxide, and fire suppressants. This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) will provide the reader with a brief overview of these important topics and general management strategies for each as well as for inhalation injury. Chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia are either of intermediate or high water solubility leading to immediate reactions with mucous membranes of the face, throat, and lungs and rapid symptoms onset after exposure. The exception to rapid symptom onset is phosgene which may take up to a day to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Management of these patients includes early airway management, lung-protective ventilator strategies, aggressive pulmonary toilet, and avoidance of volume overload.

117K140075 (Phosgene)
4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
YY9FVM7NSN (Hydrogen Sulfide)

Date Created: 20180907 Date Completed: 20190508 Latest Revision: 20190508

20250114

10.1093/milmed/usy073

30189064