The association between cannabis use and suicidal behavior in patients with psychiatric disorders: an analysis of sex differences.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101548963 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2042-6410 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20426410 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Sex Differ Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, 2010-

Cannabis* ; Illicit Drugs* ; Sex Characteristics* ; Suicide, Attempted*; Mental Disorders/*epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Ontario/epidemiology

Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug. In the general population, its use has been linked to a heightened propensity for suicidal behavior (SB). We hypothesize that this association varies in patients with psychiatric disorders. SB is known to vary by sex and therefore an investigation of cannabis' association with SB must consider sex differences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between cannabis use and suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders.
Methods: We merged data collected for two studies based in Ontario, Canada (n = 985). We employed a multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between cannabis use and suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders.
Results: We analyzed data from 465 men and 444 women. Amongst these, 112 men and 158 women had attempted suicide. The average age of our participants was 40 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.4). We found no significant association between suicide attempts and cannabis use in men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81, 2.22, p = 0.260) or women (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.61, 1.54, p = 0.884). In a sensitivity analysis using a sample of patients with substance use disorder only, the heaviness of cannabis use was associated with small but significant association with SB in men (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05, p = 0.007).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is no association between cannabis use and suicidal behavior in men or women with psychiatric disorders unlike what was reported for the general population, though the heaviness of cannabis use may have an effect in men. The impact of cannabis use in psychiatric disorders needs ongoing examination in light of its common use, impending legalization with expected increased access and the uncertainty about cannabis' effects on prognosis of psychiatric disorders. In addition, research should continue to investigate modifiable risk factors of SB in this population of which cannabis is not a significant factor based on this study.

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126639 International Canadian Institutes for Health Research

Keywords: Cannabis; Psychiatric disorder; Sex differences; Suicide

0 (Illicit Drugs)

Date Created: 20180613 Date Completed: 20190320 Latest Revision: 20191210

20231215

PMC5996511

10.1186/s13293-018-0182-x

29891008