Interaction of smoking and dietary habits modifying the risk of coronary heart disease in women: results from a case-control study.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8804070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5640 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09543007 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Clin Nutr

Publication: <2003->: London : Nature Publishing Group
Original Publication: London : J. Libbey, c1988-

Feeding Behavior*; Coronary Disease/*etiology ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Smoking/*adverse effects; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Risk Factors ; Vegetables

Background/objectives: Smoking is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease particularly in women. The risk may be aggravated by dietary habits, though.
Subjects/methods: The Coronary Risk for Atherosclerosis Study (CORA) compares dietary, lifestyle, biochemical, and clinical factors in 200 consecutive pre- and postmenopausal women with incident coronary heart disease to those of 255 age-matched population-based controls. A mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the possible interactions between smoking habits and dietary patterns.
Results: Each increase of 100 kcal energy intake per day was positively associated with coronary risk (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17; p = 0.006). Doubling the intake of alcohol and vegetables was negatively related with coronary risk (alcohol: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.73; p < 0.001; vegetables: OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.032-0.080; p = 0.003). In contrast, doubling the intake of meat was associated with an increase of coronary risk, but only in smoking women (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.58-4.29; p < 0.001). In smoking women a high meat-over-vegetable-ratio indicated an even higher risk (ratio of 2.0: OR 5.77, 95% CI 2.13-15.67; p < 0.001), while a low meat-over-vegetable-ratio did not have a significant impact on coronary risk (ratio of 0.5: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0,78-2.09).
Conclusions: This explorative analysis of the CORA-study indicates that a high intake of meat is significantly associated with an increase in coronary risk particularly in smoking women, and may account for part of the unadjusted risk of smoking.

Date Created: 20180304 Date Completed: 20190812 Latest Revision: 20190812

20240513

10.1038/s41430-018-0099-9

29500458