Betaine Supplementation Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Improves Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Adiposity* ; Dietary Supplements* ; Insulin Resistance* ; Lipid Metabolism*; Anti-Obesity Agents/*therapeutic use ; Betaine/*therapeutic use ; Obesity/*diet therapy; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes, White/cytology ; Adipocytes, White/metabolism ; Adipocytes, White/pathology ; Adipogenesis ; Animals ; Animals, Outbred Strains ; Betaine/adverse effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Female ; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Lipid Droplets/pathology ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/pathology ; Weight Gain

Obesity is a major driver of metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, and insulin resistance. However, there are no effective drugs to treat obesity. Betaine is a nontoxic, chemically stable and naturally occurring molecule. This study shows that dietary betaine supplementation significantly inhibits the white fat production in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. This might be due to betaine preventing the formation of new white fat (WAT), and guiding the original WAT to burn through stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting browning of WAT. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. Further analysis shows that betaine supplementation reduced intramyocellular lipid accumulation might be associated with increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fatty acid oxidation, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in muscle. Notably, by performing insulin-tolerance tests (ITTs) and glucose-tolerance tests (GTTs), dietary betaine supplementation could be observed for improvement of obesity and non-obesity induced insulin resistance. Together, these findings could suggest that inhibiting WAT production, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation, betaine supplementation limits HFD-induced obesity and improves insulin resistance.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Keywords: WAT; betaine; insulin resistance; intramyocellular lipids; obesity

0 (Anti-Obesity Agents)
0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
3SCV180C9W (Betaine)

Date Created: 20180127 Date Completed: 20180828 Latest Revision: 20240318

20250114

PMC5852707

10.3390/nu10020131

29373534