Sex and ethnic/racial-specific risk factors for gallbladder disease.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968547 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-230X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1471230X NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Gastroenterol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Ethnicity/*statistics & numerical data ; Gallbladder Diseases/*ethnology; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; California/epidemiology ; Cholecystectomy ; Diabetes Complications ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Diseases/complications ; Gallbladder Diseases/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects

Background: Gallbladder disease (GBD) is a highly prevalent condition; however, little is known about potential differences in risk factors by sex and ethnicity/race. Our aim was to evaluate dietary, reproductive and obesity-related factors and GBD in multiethnic populations.
Methods: We performed a prospective analysis from the Multiethnic Cohort study who self-identified as non-Hispanic White (n = 32,103), African American (n = 30,209), Japanese (n = 35,987), Native Hawaiian (n = 6942) and Latino (n = 39,168). GBD cases were identified using Medicare and California hospital discharge files (1993-2012) and self-completed questionnaires. We used exposure information on the baseline questionnaire to identify exposures of interest. Associations were estimated by hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using Cox models adjusted for confounders.
Result: After a median 10.7 years of follow-up, there were 13,437 GBD cases. BMI over 25 kg/m ² , diabetes, past and current smoking, red meat consumption, saturated fat and cholesterol were significant risk factors across ethnic/racial populations (p-trends < 0.01). Protective factors included vigorous physical activity, alcohol use, fruits, vegetables and foods rich in dietary fiber (p-trends < 0.01). Carbohydrates were inversely associated with GBD risk only among women and Latinos born in South America/Mexico (p-trend < 0.003). Parity was a significant risk factor among women; post-menopausal hormones use was only associated with an increased risk among White women (estrogen-only: HR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.07-1.43 and estrogen + progesterone: HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06-1.42).
Conclusion: Overall, dietary, reproductive and obesity-related factors are strong risk factors for GBD affecting men and women of different ethnicities/races; however some risk factors appear stronger in women and certain ethnic groups.

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P30 CA071789 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; U01 CA164973 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; UM1 CA164973 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; NCI CA164973 United States CA NCI NIH HHS

Keywords: Cholecystectomy; Ethnicity/race; Gallbladder; Stones

Date Created: 20171210 Date Completed: 20180627 Latest Revision: 20230811

20230811

PMC5723039

10.1186/s12876-017-0678-6

29221432