GDSL lipases modulate immunity through lipid homeostasis in rice.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101238921 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1553-7374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15537366 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Pathog Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, c2005-

Disease Resistance*/immunology; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism/*physiology ; Oryza/*enzymology ; Plant Immunity/*physiology; Amino Acid Sequence ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Down-Regulation ; Extracellular Space/chemistry ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Homeostasis ; Lipase/chemistry ; Lipase/classification ; Lipase/genetics ; Lipase/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism/immunology ; Lipids/isolation & purification ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Oryza/genetics ; Oryza/immunology ; Oryza/ultrastructure ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/enzymology ; Plant Stems/chemistry ; Plant Stems/enzymology ; Sequence Alignment ; Substrate Specificity

Lipids and lipid metabolites play important roles in plant-microbe interactions. Despite the extensive studies of lipases in lipid homeostasis and seed oil biosynthesis, the involvement of lipases in plant immunity remains largely unknown. In particular, GDSL esterases/lipases, characterized by the conserved GDSL motif, are a subfamily of lipolytic enzymes with broad substrate specificity. Here, we functionally identified two GDSL lipases, OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2, in rice immune responses. Expression of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 was suppressed by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. OsGLIP1 was mainly expressed in leaf and leaf sheath, while OsGLIP2 showed high expression in elongating internodes. Biochemical assay demonstrated that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 are functional lipases that could hydrolyze lipid substrates. Simultaneous down-regulation of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 increased plant resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas disease resistance in OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 overexpression plants was significantly compromised, suggesting that both genes act as negative regulators of disease resistance. OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 proteins mainly localize to lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The proper cellular localization of OsGLIP proteins is indispensable for their functions in immunity. Comprehensive lipid profiling analysis indicated that the alteration of OsGLIP gene expression was associated with substantial changes of the levels of lipid species including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). We show that MGDG and DGDG feeding could attenuate disease resistance. Taken together, our study indicates that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 negatively regulate rice defense by modulating lipid metabolism, thus providing new insights into the function of lipids in plant immunity.

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0 (Lipids)
EC 3.1.1.- (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases)
EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase)

Date Created: 20171114 Date Completed: 20171129 Latest Revision: 20220408

20240829

PMC5703576

10.1371/journal.ppat.1006724

29131851