Eco-epidemiological analysis of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia: A multilevel approach.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Ecosystem* ; Immunologic Surveillance*; Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood ; Rickettsia/*immunology ; Rickettsia Infections/*epidemiology ; Rickettsia Infections/*immunology ; Ticks/*microbiology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/microbiology ; Colombia/epidemiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/immunology ; Dog Diseases/microbiology ; Dogs ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology ; Horse Diseases/immunology ; Horse Diseases/microbiology ; Horses/immunology ; Horses/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rickettsia/isolation & purification ; Rickettsia Infections/transmission ; Rickettsia Infections/veterinary ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Young Adult

Rickettsiosis is a re-emergent infectious disease without epidemiological surveillance in Colombia. This disease is generally undiagnosed and several deadly outbreaks have been reported in the country in the last decade. The aim of this study is to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia where outbreaks of the disease were previously reported. A cross-sectional study, which included 597 people living in 246 households from nine hamlets in two municipalities of Colombia, was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. The survey was conducted to collect sociodemographic and household characteristics (exposure) data. Blood samples were collected to determine the rickettsial seropositivity in humans, horses and dogs (IFA, cut-off = 1/128). In addition, infections by rickettsiae were detected in ticks from humans and animals by real-time PCR targeting gltA and ompA genes. Data was analyzed by weighted multilevel clog-log regression model using three levels (person, household and hamlets) and rickettsial seropositivity in humans was the main outcome. Overall prevalence of rickettsial seropositivity in humans was 25.62% (95%CI 22.11-29.12). Age in years (PR = 1.01 95%CI 1.01-1.02) and male sex (PR = 1.65 95%CI 1.43-1.90) were risk markers for rickettsial seropositivity. Working outdoors (PR = 1.20 95%CI 1.02-1.41), deforestation and forest fragmentation for agriculture use (PR = 1.75 95%CI 1.51-2.02), opossum in peridomiciliary area (PR = 1.56 95%CI 1.37-1.79) and a high proportion of seropositive domestic animals in the home (PR20-40% vs <20% = 2.28 95%CI 1.59-3.23 and PR>40% vs <20% = 3.14 95%CI 2.43-4.04) were associated with rickettsial seropositivity in humans. This study showed the presence of Rickettsia antibodies in human populations and domestic animals. In addition, different species of rickettsiae were detected in ticks collected from humans and animals. Our results highlighted the role of domestic animals as sentinels of rickettsial infection to identify areas at risk of transmission, and the importance of preventive measures aimed at curtailing deforestation and the fragmentation of forests as a way of reducing the risk of transmission of emergent and re-emergent pathogens.

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0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)

Date Created: 20170919 Date Completed: 20171023 Latest Revision: 20190202

20250114

PMC5619838

10.1371/journal.pntd.0005892

28922404