Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

Mutation*; Arabidopsis/*growth & development ; Hexosyltransferases/*genetics ; Hexosyltransferases/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/*anatomy & histology; Arabidopsis/enzymology ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Arabinose/metabolism ; Cell Wall/enzymology ; Cell Wall/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/pharmacology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Glycosylation ; Xylosidases/genetics ; Xylosidases/metabolism

Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp 4 , serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf 4 which is exclusively found in extensins. T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf 4 , point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae.

Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2017 May 23;7:46774. Zhang, Yang [corrected to Yang, Zhang]. (PMID: 28535152)

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BBS/E/J/000C0618 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; BBS/E/J/000PR9790 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
0 (DNA, Bacterial)
0 (T-DNA)
B40ROO395Z (Arabinose)
EC 2.4.1.- (Hexosyltransferases)
EC 2.4.1.- (glycoprotein glycosyltransferase)
EC 3.2.1.- (ARAf protein, Arabidopsis)
EC 3.2.1.- (Xylosidases)

Date Created: 20170331 Date Completed: 20181127 Latest Revision: 20220716

20240829

PMC5371791

10.1038/srep45341

28358137