The impact of microgravity and hypergravity on endothelial cells.

Publisher: Hindawi Pub. Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101600173 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2314-6141 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomed Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York, NY : Hindawi Pub. Co.

Hypergravity* ; Weightlessness*; Endothelial Cells/*physiology; Animals ; Earth, Planet ; Humans ; Weightlessness Simulation

The endothelial cells (ECs), which line the inner surface of vessels, play a fundamental role in maintaining vascular integrity and tissue homeostasis, since they regulate local blood flow and other physiological processes. ECs are highly sensitive to mechanical stress, including hypergravity and microgravity. Indeed, they undergo morphological and functional changes in response to alterations of gravity. In particular microgravity leads to changes in the production and expression of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, which mainly result from changes in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton and the distribution of caveolae. These molecular modifications finely control cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. This review summarizes the state of the art on how microgravity and hypergravity affect cultured ECs functions and discusses some controversial issues reported in the literature.

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Date Created: 20150206 Date Completed: 20151012 Latest Revision: 20191210

20231215

PMC4309246

10.1155/2015/434803

25654101