Phenotypic characterization of peripheral T cells and their dynamics in scrub typhus patients.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Immunophenotyping*; Orientia tsutsugamushi/*immunology ; Scrub Typhus/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology; Adult ; Aged ; Asia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Background: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, is one of the main causes of febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. Although cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in protection, little is known about the phenotypic changes and dynamics of leukocytes in scrub typhus patients.
Methodology/principal Findings: To reveal the underlying mechanisms of immunological pathogenesis, we extensively analyzed peripheral blood leukocytes, especially T cells, during acute and convalescent phases of infection in human patients and compared with healthy volunteers. We observed neutrophilia and CD4(+) T lymphopenia in the acute phase of infection, followed by proliferation of CD8(+) T cells during the convalescent phase. Massive T cell apoptosis was detected in the acute phase and preferential increase of CD8(+) T cells with activated phenotypes was observed in both acute and convalescent phases, which might be associated or correlated with elevated serum IL-7 and IL-15. Interestingly, peripheral Treg cells were significantly down-regulated throughout the disease course.
Conclusions/significance: The remarkable decrease of CD4(+) T cells, including Treg cells, during the acute phase of infection may contribute to the loss of immunological memory that are often observed in vaccine studies and recurrent human infection.

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Date Created: 20120821 Date Completed: 20130103 Latest Revision: 20211021

20221213

PMC3419201

10.1371/journal.pntd.0001789

22905277