Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation and conventional oxygen therapy in patients weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation.

المقال يركز على مقارنة فعالية التهوية غير الغازية (NIV) ، وقنية الأنف عالية التدفق (HFNC) ، والعلاج بالأكسجين التقليدي (COT) في منع إعادة الت intubation للمرضى الذين تم إزالة أنبوب التنفس منهم بعد التهوية الميكانيكية الغازية. أظهرت دراسة سريرية عشوائية شملت 60 مريضًا أن NIV كان لديه أدنى معدل لإعادة الت intubation (45%) مقارنةً بـ HFNC (60%) و COT (75%)، لكن هذه الفروقات لم تكن ذات دلالة إحصائية. ومع ذلك، أظهرت NIV مزايا من حيث انخفاض معدلات الوفيات في وحدة العناية المركزة (ICU) وفترة الإقامة الأقصر في وحدة العناية المركزة. تشير الدراسة إلى أنه على الرغم من عدم وجود طريقة واحدة تتفوق بشكل قاطع، إلا أن NIV قد تقدم بعض الفوائد مقارنةً بـ HFNC و COT في مرحلة ما بعد إزالة الأنبوب. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Reintubation after liberation from mechanical ventilation is a common adverse event observed in the intensive care unit (ICU) with significant implications for patient outcomes. Sequential oxygen therapies, including noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in addition to the conventional oxygen therapy (COT), are commonly employed in the post-extubation setting to lessen reintubation risk, but their comparative efficacy remains controversial. Objective: To compare the efficacy of NIV, HFNC, and COT as post-extubation respiratory support. Methods: A prospective, randomized, clinical, parallel-group study enrolled extubated patients who were randomized and assigned to receive either NIV support or HFNC or COT. Primary outcomes included reintubation rates while secondary outcomes included post-extubation hemodynamics and arterial blood gases (ABGs), ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Results: Sixty patients were recruited and equally randomized into the three groups (20 per group). The NIV and HFNC groups had lower reintubation rates [9/20 (45%), 12/20 (60%), respectively] compared to the COT group (15/20, 75%), yet with insignificant difference between the three groups (p > 0.05). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of reintubation were insignificantly lower in the NIV group [RR, 0.600; 95% CI 0.347–1.036, p = 0.067], and to a lesser extent in the HFNC group [RR, 0.800; 95% CI 0.516–1.240, p = 0.318] compared to the COT group, while RR between NIV and HFNC groups was 0.750; 95% CI 0.411–1.370; p = 0.350. The NIV and HFNC groups had similar, significantly shorter ICU length of stay compared to the COT group (p < 0.001). ICU mortality was lowest in the NIV group (8/20, 40%), followed by the HFNC (13/20, 65%) and highest in the COT group (15/20, 75%) with significant difference between the NIV and COT groups [RR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.29–0.96, p = 0.037]. Conclusion: The study findings suggest comparable efficacy of NIV, HFNC, and COT devices in preventing reintubation within 48 h post-extubation, and NIV displayed some advantages over HFNC and COT in terms of lower reintubation and mortality rates. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06593509. Registered 17 August 2024—retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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