نبذة مختصرة : Amid the backdrop of an aging population and increasing life expectancy in China, the flexible adjustment of retirement age and policy design has become a crucial concern and significant consideration for the ongoing reform of China’s retirement system, which is aimed at achieving “actively deferment” and “active aging” over the past few decades, OECD countries have confronted the predicament of labor shortages due to an aging population, therefore their policy design and implementation mechanisms regarding flexible retirement serve as valuable references for China’s exploration of a gradual delayed retirement policy. However, existing literature seldom delves into the comparison and profound depiction of the commonalities and heterogeneity in flexible retirement policy design across different countries. Moreover, there is a lack of examination into the labor market effects of flexible retirement policies, particularly the in-depth analysis of varying age structures, demographic groups, and policy time-variant impacts. Based on clarifying the concept of flexible retirement policies in OECD countries, this paper elucidates the policy system design and implementation mechanisms of flexible retirement in OECD countries through the intrinsic logic of “flexible retirement age-flexible pension system-flexible retirement and working arrangements．”Drawing upon the Multi-period Difference in Differences (DID) method by Beck et al., the study takes setting the flexible retirement age range, designing the qualification conditions and incentive mechanism for early or late retirement, and establishing flexible retirement and working arrangement as specific strategies, which are the essential elements for judging whether OECD countries implement flexible retirement policy. We selected panel data from the OECD Labour Force Statistics and the Pensions at a Glance for 2005-2020 to empirically test the scale effect, structural effect, and period effect of OECD countries’ flexible retirement policies on labor supply. The research findings reveal that, compared with countries without flexible retirement policies, the implementation of flexible retirement policies significantly increased the labor supply in the experimental group by 48. 7%, particularly promoted the enhancement of labor supply among elderly and elderly female workers, but had no significant impact on the labor participation rate of young and middle-aged workers. Additionally, the implementation of flexible retirement policies exhibits period heterogeneity effects, where the policy effects peak three years after implementation and gradually weaken thereafter. This paper makes two significant contributions to the existing body of research on flexible retirement policies. First, it provides a detailed analysis of the design and implementation mechanisms of flexible retirement policies, distinct from the previous studies that have merely presented them as a part of the retirement age policy framework. Specifically, it enriches the comparative analysis of differentiated flexible retirement policies across OECD countries. Second, it incorporates the combination of flexible retirement policies as a whole into the evaluation of policy effects, further examining the scale, structural, and period effects of flexible retirement policies on labor supply in OECD countries. This research fills the gap in the literature regarding the labor market effects of flexible retirement policies. To a certain extent, thispaper demonstrates that granting workers the choice to retire within a specific range through policy design can not only achieve flexibility in retirement age and benefits but also effectively stimulate labor supply among the elderly population. This can contribute to a successful postponement of retirement in China. Consequently, based on the policy practices of OECD countries and the realities of China, this paper recommends improving the flexible retirement age policy system guided by substantive fairness. It proposes establishing an elastic pension payment mechanism that take the“benefit reduction for early retirement and benefit increase for delayed retirement” and “the pension payment of incentive more than deduction．”as the principle. Simultaneously, it explores mechanisms for partial retirement and flexible retirement-work options, aiming to scientifically reform the retirement system to achieve both “actively deferment” and “active aging”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
نبذة مختصرة : 弹性退休是经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家应对劳动力短缺与养老金压力的普遍政策 选择。以“弹性退休年龄—弹性养老金制度—弹性退休与工作安排”为内在逻辑,系统分析 OECD 国家弹性退休政策体系设计与实施机制,并运用多期双重差分法实证检验 OECD国家弹性退休政 策对劳动供给的规模效应、结构效应与时期效应。研究发现:弹性退休政策提高了48.7%的劳动 供给规模,尤其促进了老年及老年女性劳动供给的提升,并具有时期异质性。基于 OECD政策实 践与中国的现实基础,建议完善以实质公平为政策导向的弹性退休政策体系,建立“早减晚增”且 “增多减少”的弹性养老金计发机制,同步探索“部分”退休的弹性退休与工作机制,促进积极延退 与积极老龄化。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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