Celebrating the discovery of DNA demethylase.

In addition to understanding the roles of DNA methylation in development and stress responses, substantial progress has been made in understanding how DNA methylation affects genome structure. For example, [17] review how R-loops, which comprise an RNA:DNA duplex and a displaced single strand of DNA, form and are resolved, and how they interact with other known epigenetic regulatory mechanisms including DNA, RNA, and histone modifications. Maintaining correct DNA methylation patterns entails the addition of methyl groups by DNA methyltransferases and the active removal of methylation from DNA. Moreover, as pointed out by [15], research in this field faces challenges such as integrating the diverse epigenetic factors at play, including DNA modifications, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin remodeling. [Extracted from the article]