Prevalence of cognitive impairment before treatments for prostate cancer.

Background/Objective: Up to 30% of patients with cancer may present cognitive impairment (CI) before treatment but data are scarce regarding prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to estimate the prevalence of CI in patients with PCa, before cancer treatment. Methods: Between February 2018 and April 2021, the NEON-PC cohort included 609 patients with a recent PCa diagnosis to be treated at Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto. Previous history of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and neurologic or psychyatric conditions impairing cognitive performance were exclusion criteria. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive performance before any treatment for PCa. Participants with a MoCA at least 1.5 SD below age- and education-specific norms were considered to have probable cognitive impairment (PCI) and were proposed for a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) assessment. Participants scoring <2.0 SD age-corrected norms in at least one cognitive test, or<1.5 SD age-corrected norms in ≥ 2 cognitive tests were classified as having CI. Data from the population-based cohort EPIPorto (n=351 men, evaluated in 2013-2015) were used for comparison. Results/Discussion: Prevalence of PCI was 17.4% in the EPIPorto and 15.1% in the NEON-PC cohort (age- and education-adjusted OR=1.02,95% confidence interval: 0.70,1.50). NP assessment was performed in 65 patients with PCa: 38.5% had normal cognitive function; 7.7% had a light deficit (<1.0 SD of agecorrected norms in ≥1 cognitive tasks); and 53.9% had CI. Conclusions: PCI was as frequent in patients recently diagnosed with PCa as in the general population. Prevalence of CI was lower than in previous reports, which may be explained by differences in the assessment and definition of CI and of the type of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]