مدينة دياربكر في كتابات الرحالة والجغرافيين في العصور الوسطى. (Arabic)

Diyarbakir in the Writings of Travelers and Geographers in the Middle Ages. (English)
Ortaçağda Seyyah ve Coğrafyacıların Eserlerinde Diyarbakır. (Turkish)

İn this research, we will talk about the city of Diyarbakir, the history of this city, the reason for its name, and the travelers and geographers who visited it. We will also give insight as to how they described it in their books like İbn Hawqal in his book “A picture of the world” said the city was built from black stones and it’s a fortress. Al-Maqdisi in his book Ahsanust-Taqasim said: İ do not know for Muslims today a city that is fortified and has no loophole in its frontiers against the Romans like Diyarbakir, and Nasir Khusraw considers his description an important description during his visit to it, and Yaqut al-Hamwi in his book Mu’jam al-Buldan also described it in detail, and al-Qazwini pointed out in his book Atharul Bilaad wa Akbarul İbaad mentioned the fortitude of its walls, so also Al-Hamiri described it in his book Al-Rawd Al-Ma`tar fee Khabril Alaqtar, as well as Evlia chelebi in his book Seyahatname, and he is considered one of the most traveler describing Diyarbakir, its construction and structure, he even spoke about the characteristics and descriptions of the people in it, and many travelers and geographers that described it are mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu araştırmada Diyarbakır’ı tarihini isminin konulma sebebini ve onu ziyaret eden seyyah ve coğrafyacılardan bahsederken, bu gezginlerin onu kitaplarında nasıl tanımladıklarını inceleyeceğiz. İbn Havkal, Sûretü’l-Arz kitabında siyah görünümlü taşlarlardan oluşan güvenli şehir diye zikreder. ve el-Makdisı􀆸 Ahsenü’l-Tekâsim kitabında, bugün Müslümanlar için Rum sınırına karşı en dayanıklı kale olarak tanıtır. Nasır Hüsrev, bu şehre ziyareti sırasında şehri çok önemli bir yer olarak tanımlar. Ayrıca Kazvını Âsârü’l-Bilâd ve Ahbârü’l- ʿİbâd adlı kitabında, surların ve Diyarbakır’ın güvenliğine işaret eder. Yâkût el-Hamevı’nin Muʿcemü’l-Büldân kitabı, ve el-Himyerı, el-Mi’târ fî Haberi’l- Aktâr’da yine değinir. Evliyâ Çelebi’nin Seyahatnamesi gibi. Evliyâ Çelebi seyahatnamesinde Diyarbakır’dan en çok söz eden yazar sayılır. Ne zaman kurulduğundan, imarından hatta insanlarının özelliklerinden bahsetmektedir. ve bir çok seyyah ve coğrafyacı bu araştırmada diyarbakır şehrine değinmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

في هذا البحث سنتحدث عن مدينة دياربكر وعن تاريخ هذه المدينة وسبب تسميتها ومن زارها من الرحالة والجغرافيين وسنستعرض كيف وصفوها في كتبهم كابن حوقل في كتابه صورة الأرض فقال أنها مبنية من حجارة الأرحية السوداء وهي حصينة. والمقدسي في كتابه أحسن التقاسيم قال عنها لا أعرف للمسلمين اليوم بلداً أحصن ولا ثغراً أجل منها في تخوم المسلمين بوجه الروم، وناصر خسرو يعتبر وصفه من الأوصاف المهمة خلال زيارته لها، وياقوت الحموي في كتابه معجم البلدان وصفها أيضاً بشكل مفصل، وأشار القزويني في كتابه آثار البلاد وأخبار العباد لحصانة أسوارها فقال آمد مدينة حصينة، ووصفها الحميري في كتابه الروض المعطار في خبر الأقطار، وكذلك أوليا جلبي في كتابه سياحتنامه، ويعتبر من أكثر الرحالة وصفاً لدياربكر وبنائها وعمرانها حتى أنه تحدث عن صفات وأوصاف الناس فيها، والعديد من الرحالة والجغرافيين وصفوها تم ذكرهم في هذا البحث. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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