Development and Validation of the ICT-TPACK-Science Scale.

This study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable ICT-TPACK-Science Scale based on the transformative model taking into account the recent improvements in educational technologies specific to science education. The participants of the study included 722 pre-service science teachers from 12 universities in Turkey. The data were collected first for the exploratory factor analysis (n1 = 390), and then for the confirmatory factor analysis (n2 = 332). The exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-dimensional construct. The ICT-TPACK-Science Scale consisted of 38 items and five factors, namely planning, designing, implementing, ethics, and proficiency. The confirmatory factor analysis provided a good fit, supporting the five-factor solution. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ICT-TPACK-Science Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure pre-service science teachers' TPACK. The prominent property of this scale is that the framework of the scale is based on the transformative approach, and it is also specific to pre-service science teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]