Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES).

The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) is a ten-item test meant to evaluate a person's self-esteem, or confidence in and respect for him- or herself. The test was created around 1965 by American sociologist Morris Rosenberg. The ten items are statements relating to different aspects of self-esteem, such as whether a person feels valuable or feels like a failure. The test is easily administered and graded, with responses linked to numeric values. Based on the test, respondents with a high numeric score tend to have higher self-esteem overall. The RSES has become a common fixture in sociology, psychology, and psychiatry to evaluate people of all ages and sexes in both clinical and general populations.