The Bass Saxophone by Josef Škvorecký.

This novella has an autobiographical significance, for when he was sixteen or seventeen, Josef Škvorecký played a tenor saxophone rather badly fora band called Red Music—modeled after a Prague group called Blue Music.He and his companions, living in the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, did not know that in jazz, blue was not a color. Although the name itself had no political connotations, their music did, for jazz was condemned by the Nazis for being a creation of American black musicians and Jews. Jazz had to go underground, becoming, in effect, a protest against the Nazi’s restrictions on creativity.