Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology in the Nurses' Health Study.

COLON cancer risk factors; NURSES' Health Study; EPIDEMIOLOGY of cancer; ADENOMA; MEAT; FOLIC acid in human nutrition; PROCESSED foods; DIETARY calcium; PHYSIOLOGY; DISEASE risk factors; TUMOR prevention; ADENOMA prevention; COLON tumor prevention; ASPIRIN; CALCIUM; CARRIER proteins; DIET; ALCOHOL drinking; COLON tumors; DIETARY fiber; FOLIC acid; FAT content of food; INSULIN; MOLECULAR pathology; SMOKING; RECTUM tumors; VITAMIN D; PHYSICAL activity; GENETICS; TUMOR risk factors; CANCER risk factors

Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) to identifying risk and protective factors for colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications using the NHS between 1976 and 2016. Results. Existing epidemiological studies using the NHS have reported that red and processed meat, alcohol, smoking, and obesity were associated with an increased risk of CRC, whereas folate, calcium, vitamin D, aspirin, and physical activity were associated with decreased risk of CRC. Moreover, modifiable factors, such as physical activity, vitamin D, folate, insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, and diet quality, were identified to be associated with survival among CRC patients. In recent years, molecular pathological epidemiological studies have been actively conducted and have shown refined results by molecular subtypes of CRC. Conclusions. The NHS has provided new insights into colorectal adenomas, CRC etiology, and pathogenic mechanisms. With its unique strengths, the NHS should continue to contribute to the field of CRC epidemiology and play a major role in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)