Contributors: Laboratoire Capteurs Fibres Optiques (CEA, LIST) (LCFO (CEA, LIST)); Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (CEA, LIST) (DM2I (CEA, LIST)); Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)); Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay; Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (CEA, LIST) (LCAE (CEA, LIST)); Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC); CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)); Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER); Institut de recherche sur les systèmes nucléaires pour la production d'énergie bas carbone (CEA - DES) (IRESNE); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN); Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S); Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN); THERMOCOAX SAS Company; Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LabHC); Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); ANR-11-RSNR-0007,DISCOMS,Capteurs Distribués pour la Surveillance du Corium(2011)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident of March 2011, and the subsequent loss of internal power supplies after the NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) water flooding caused by the tsunami, leaving the operator TEPCO with almost no information from the reactor pits, demonstrates that safety must always prevail.Accordingly, the French public authorities initiated the RSNR research program, to stimulate and fund new R&D projects to improve the safety of nuclear reactors in service and those of future NPPs.The DISCOMS project (Distributed Sensing for Corium Monitoring and Safety) aimed at developing and testing innovative and passive sensors dedicated to Nuclear Safety, namely an instrumented pole equipped with long length SPNDs (Self-Powered Neutron Detectors)-Thermocouple poles, and Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors, to be installed ex-core in both the reactor pit and concrete floor. The sensors, remotely operated from a safe place, will not only provide additional information during the Severe Accident, but also in post-accidental situation, even in case of loss of all power supplies.The modelling of a 60 year normal operation followed by a Severe Accident for two generations of reactors (Gen II, Gen III) permitted to demonstrate that ex-core long length SPNDs can identify different scenarios: reactor shut down, Normal Operation, Severe Accident without corium relocation, and Severe Accident with corium pouring on the concrete floor.Long length SPNDs were designed and manufactured, along with their electronics, to measure low currents ranging from 1 pA to 100 nA collected under radiations, and qualified in a research reactor with fluxes compliant with modelled scenarios.Optical Fibers Sensor cables are devoted to monitor the Molten Core - Concrete Interaction (MCCI): temperature and strain profiles can be provided in the concrete depth by embedded cables, as a result of using the Raman DTS, Brillouin and Rayleigh OFDR reflectometry techniques, based on the analysis of the backscattered light in ...
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