Contributors: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC); La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC (UMR MARBEC); Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM); Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE); Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); LABEX ICCA; Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN); This work was funded by the ANR project 21-CE03-004 ETHOPREDATOR, coordinated by Eric E.G. Clua. We are grateful to the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle or Paris and especially Guy Duhamel, Clara Peron, Patrice Pruvost, Alexis Martin and Charlotte Chazeau, for consolidating and providing data from the PECHEKER database. Special thanks to all the photographers based at the Alfred Faure research station in Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago) and fishery observers who collected photo-identification images. Additional support was provided by the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF), the French Polar Institute (IPEV Program 109, coordinator: Christophe Barbraud at CEBC-CNRS) with the help of Karine Delord and Dominique Besson (CEBCCNRS), the Reunion Island Fishing (SARPC & Fondation d’Entreprise des Mers Australes) and the Direction des P^ eches Maritimes et de l’Aquaculture (DPMA). We wish to thank the editor and the two anonymous referees whose comments greatly improved the manuscript.; ANR-21-CE03-0004,ETHO-PREDATOR,CONFLITS ENTRE GRANDS PREDATEURS MARINS ET HUMAINS: LA GENESE ET GESTION DES INDIVIDUS A PROBLEMES(2021)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Human exploitation profoundly impacts ecosystems but can also provide novel feeding opportunities to which animals may respond by learning new foraging behaviours. Among these, feeding on fisheries catch or byproduct, a behaviour termed ‘depredation’, has been observed in many large marine predator species globally. However, for social species, how social transmission influences both the acquisition of and the level of engagement in such behaviour by individuals within populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed 18 years (2005–2022) of photo-identification data, with a combination of both social and diffusion models, to assess the role of social transmission in the acquisition of depredation by social units of the killer whale population of the Crozet Islands, as well as the extent to which social units engaged in this behaviour once acquired. We found that an increasing number of social units acquired depredation behaviour over time and that they did so through learning from other units and independent learning. We also demonstrate that during the years following this acquisition, their level of engagement in depredation was influenced by social preferences, with closely associated units showing similar levels of depredation and certain units acting as structural key nodes facilitating the transmission of depredation within the network. However, past the year when the entire population had acquired depredation, we found that factors other than social transmission came into play to explain heterogeneity in depredation levels observed across social units. Together, these findings highlight the role of social dynamics in shaping species' response to human-induced changes in their environment and in leading to intrapopulation behavioural heterogeneity that can have major implications for the long-term conservation of top marine predator populations.
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