Long-term safety and efficacy of canagliflozin as add-on therapy to teneligliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim: To evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of canagliflozin as add‐on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had inadequate glycaemic control with teneligliptin monotherapy. Methods: This open‐label 52‐week study was conducted in Japan. Patients received canagliflozin 100 mg added to teneligliptin 20 mg orally once daily for 52 weeks. The safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). The efficacy endpoints included changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body weight from baseline to week 52 (with last observation carried forward). Results: Overall, 153 patients entered the treatment period and 142 completed the study. The overall incidence rates of AEs and drug‐related AEs were 69.9% and 22.9%, respectively. Most AEs and drug‐related AEs were mild or moderate in severity. There were no previously undescribed safety signals. The mean changes in HbA1c, FPG and body weight were −0.99% (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.12 to −0.85), −38.6 mg/dL (95% CI −43.4 to −33.9) and −3.92% (95% CI −4.53 to −3.31), respectively. These effects were maintained for 52 weeks without attenuation. HbA1c and body weight were both decreased in 82.24% of patients at the end of the treatment period. Reductions in postprandial glucose were observed at weeks 24 and 52. Conclusions: No new safety risks with this combination were identified, and sustained improvements in HbA1c, FPG and body weight were observed. The findings suggest that long‐term co‐administration of canagliflozin with teneligliptin is well tolerated and effective in Japanese patients with T2DM who have inadequate glycaemic control on teneligliptin alone.