A study on prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus

NAFLD is commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical practice it is overlooked despite the significant clinical implications of NAFLD in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can significantly increase the risk and severity of both conditions. Peripheral insulin resistance serves as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and T2DM alike. The estimated prevalence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM ranges from 70% to 75%. Patients diagnosed with both NAFLD and T2DM tend to have a poorer prognosis, with the mortality rate due to cirrhosis being notably higher in diabetic patients compared to the general population. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in diabetes mellitus. The term MASLD formally MAFLD will now be MASLD (Metabolic dysfunction - associated steatotic liver disease [51] MAFLD was defined as the presence of SLD with overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2), T2DM or presence of metabolic dysregulation. MASLD was defined as SLD with atleast one cardiometabolic risk factor without excessive alcohol intake [51]. This new nomenclature defined by multisociety Delphi process and proposed by a panel of expert will help to differentiate people with pure MASLD from those MetALD (Metabolic liver disease associated with alcohol [51]. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in both the outpatient and inpatient settings of the Department of General Medicine at Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital, Vijayapura, over a period of 18 month (July 2023 to December 2024). A total of 96 patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or Type 1 DM on insulin therapy, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria were based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines¹⁸, which define diabetes as a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL, a 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL, or an HbA1C level of ...