نبذة مختصرة : Crijevna mikrobiota je naziv za mikroorganizme koji koloniziraju probavni sustav. Njezin razvoj započinje s rođenjem, a dalje se tijekom života mijenja pod utjecajem različitih čimbenika od kojih je najvažnija prehrana. U tijelu čovjeka obavlja brojne funkcije, a neke od njih su antimikrobna zaštita, imunomodulacija te metabolizam i apsorpcija lijekova i nutrijenata. Glavni crijevni mikroorganizmi pomažu u razgradnji ugljikohidrata, a produkti tog procesa su kratkolančane masne kiseline. Osim ugljikohidrata, sudjeluju i u razgradnji proteina te sintezi vitamina kao što je vitamin B. Apsorpcijom nutrijenata, primjerice minerala, dobivaju energiju koju dalje troše za različite procese. Poremećaj ravnoteže crijevne mikrobiote koji je poznat kao disbioza ima značajne posljedice na ljudsko zdravlje, a jedna od mogućih posljedica je razvoj pretilost. ; Gut microbiota is the name for the microorganisms that colonize the digestive system. Its development begins at birth and continues to change throughout life under the influence of various factors, the most important of which is nutrition. It performs numerous functions in the human body, some of which are antimicrobical protection, immunomodulation and the metabolism and absorption of drugs and nutrients. The main intestinal microorganisms assist in the breakdown of carbohydrates, producing short-chain fatty acids as end-products of this process. In addition to carbohydrates, they are also involved in protein degradation and the synthesis of vitamins, such as vitamin B. Through absorption of nutrients, such as minerals, they obtain energy that they later use for various metabolic processes. Disruption in the balance of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has significant consequences for human health, and one of the possible consequences is the development of obesity.
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