The Estrogen-Immune Interface in Endometriosis.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Endometriosis*/immunology ; Endometriosis*/pathology ; Estrogens*/metabolism; Endometrium/pathology ; Endometrium/immunology ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Menstrual Cycle/immunology ; Humans ; Female ; Animals

Endometriosis is a gynecologic condition characterized by the growth of endometrium-like stroma and glandular elements outside of the uterine cavity. The involvement of hormonal dysregulation, specifically estrogen, is well established in the initiation, progression, and maintenance of the condition. Evidence also highlights the association between endometriosis and altered immune states. The human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes frequent remodeling in response to hormonal regulation during the menstrual cycle. Similarly, endometriosis shares this propensity, compounded by unclear pathogenic mechanisms, presenting unique challenges in defining its etiology and pathology. Here, we provide a lens to understand the interplay between estrogen and innate and adaptive immune systems throughout the menstrual cycle in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Estrogen is closely linked to many altered inflammatory and immunomodulatory states, affecting both tissue-resident and circulatory immune cells. This review summarizes estrogenic interactions with specific myeloid and lymphoid cells, highlighting their implications in the progression of endometriosis.

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Project 1 Endometriosis Foundation of America

Keywords: endometriosis; estrogen; immune cells

0 (Estrogens)

Date Created: 20250110 Date Completed: 20250110 Latest Revision: 20250411

20260130

PMC11720315

10.3390/cells14010058

39791759