A survey of Anopheles species composition and insecticide resistance on the island of Bubaque, Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2002-

Insecticide Resistance*/genetics; Anopheles/*classification ; Malaria/*transmission ; Mosquito Vectors/*classification; Anopheles/enzymology ; Anopheles/genetics ; Biological Assay/methods ; DNA/isolation & purification ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mosquito Vectors/enzymology ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Genotyping Techniques ; Guinea-Bissau ; Islands ; Pilot Projects ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: Bubaque is the most populous island of the Bijagos archipelago, a group of malaria-endemic islands situated off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Malaria vector control on Bubaque relies almost exclusively on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, there is little information on local vector bionomics and insecticide resistance.
Methods: A survey of mosquito species composition was performed at the onset of the wet season (June/July) and the beginning of the dry season (November/December). Sampling was performed using indoor adult light-traps and larval dipping. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified to species level and assessed for kdr allele frequency by TaqMan PCR. Females were analysed for sporozoite positivity by CSP-ELISA. Resistance to permethrin and α-cypermethrin was measured using the CDC-bottle bioassay incorporating the synergist piperonyl-butoxide.
Results: Several Anopheles species were found on the island, all belonging to the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) complex, including An. gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles melas, and An. gambiae/An. coluzzii hybrids. Endophagic Anopheles species composition and abundance showed strong seasonal variation, with a majority of An. gambiae (50% of adults collected) caught in June/July, while An. melas was dominant in November/December (83.9% of adults collected). Anopheles gambiae had the highest sporozoite rate in both seasons, with infection rates of 13.9% and 20% in June/July and November/December, respectively. Moderate frequencies of the West African kdr allele were found in An. gambiae (36%), An. coluzzii (35%), An. gambiae/An. coluzzii hybrids (42%). Bioassays suggest moderate resistance to α-cypermethrin, but full susceptibility to permethrin.
Conclusions: The island of Bubaque maintained an An. gambiae s.l. population in both June/July and November/December. Anopheles gambiae was the primary vector at the onset of the wet season, while An. melas is likely to be responsible for most dry season transmission. There was moderate kdr allele frequency and synergist assays suggest likely metabolic resistance, which could reduce the efficacy of LLINs. Future control of malaria on the islands should consider the seasonal shift in mosquito species, and should employ continuous monitoring for insecticide resistance.

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MC_UP_A900_1119 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; MR/P023843/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; MR/R010161/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; MR/S005013/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council

Keywords: Anopheles gambiae; Bijagos islands; Guinea-Bissau; Insecticide resistance; Malaria; Vector control; vector survey

9007-49-2 (DNA)
EC 2.7.10.1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2)

Date Created: 20200117 Date Completed: 20200817 Latest Revision: 20250530

20260130

PMC6964033

10.1186/s12936-020-3115-1

31941507