O curr?culo integrado na educa??o profissional t?cnica de n?vel m?dio : saberes, desafios e possibilidades

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This dissertation is the result of a research developed in the Graduate Program in Education in Science and Mathematics, at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, whose theme concerns the possibilities, challenges, and knowledge for the construction and implementation of integrated curriculum in the Professional Technical Education (Educa??o Profissional T?cnica - EPT) of Secondary School in the integrated format. A Campus of a Federal Institute, located in the southern region of Brazil, was selected as a place of investigation, since, in addition to the singularities of the EPT modality of Secondary Education, the specificities of the school in which it is proposed to develop integrated curriculum should be considered. Aiming to identify how the perceptions of the professionals in education and of the students of two Integrated Technical Courses at the school contribute to the construction of an integrated curriculum, methodological procedures were adopted in order to allow the expression of the 138 participants, such as questionnaires and dynamics through Focal Groups (BARBOUR, 2009). The leading question of the research sought to identify which elements can be considered significant in educational processes accomplished and/or envisioned from an integrated curriculum perspective. After submitting the collected data to the Discursive Textual Analysis (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2011), six emerging categories were identified, which, through their units of meaning, provided some possible answers to the research problem. The most significant elements were highlighted and interpreted from the statements that are related to the construction of an integrated curriculum in the place investigated, such as: (I) the development of the feeling of belonging and of recognition of the institution; (II) the understanding of the mission and values of a Federal Institute; (III) the development of pedagogical processes that include interdisciplinary activities and projects of teaching, research, and extension; (IV) the political, economic and social context and its influence on the construction of an integrated curriculum; (V) the relationship between public educational policies, the permanence of students on the campus, and the career plan for teachers; and (VI) the qualification and reflective practice of the professionals are important to promote higher quality in what is developed in the school. A democratic project of Education should also consider the identity of the school community and, for this reason, this research also sought to outline the profile of the group through questionnaires. The reading of the theoretical reference about EPT, such as Frigotto (2012; 2015), Saviani (2003; 2007; 2009), Ramos (2012; 2010; 2017), Machado (2008; 2010), and Moura (2008; 2010), shows that it is necessary to understand the historical relationship among work-education-productive systems and the work as an educational principle ? linked to the inseparability among science, technology, and culture ? to build an Integrated Curriculum, especially in schools which offer Integrated Technical Courses to Secondary School.
Esta disserta??o ? resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o em Ci?ncias e Matem?tica pela Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul cujo tema diz respeito ?s possibilidades, desafios e saberes para a constru??o e efetiva??o de um curr?culo integrado na Educa??o Profissional T?cnica (EPT) de N?vel M?dio no formato integrado. Foi selecionado um Campus de um Instituto Federal, localizado na regi?o sul do Brasil, como lugar de investiga??o, uma vez que al?m das singularidades da modalidade EPT de N?vel M?dio, devem se considerar as especificidades da escola em que se prop?e desenvolver um curr?culo integrado. Tendo como objetivo identificar de que forma as percep??es dos profissionais da educa??o e dos estudantes de dois Cursos T?cnicos Integrados ao Ensino M?dio da escola contribuem para a constru??o de um curr?culo integrado, foram adotados procedimentos metodol?gicos que possibilitaram a express?o dos 138 participantes, tais como question?rios e din?micas por meio de grupos focais (BARBOUR, 2009). A pergunta-problema orientadora da pesquisa buscou identificar quais elementos podem ser considerados significativos em processos educacionais realizados e/ou vislumbrados em uma perspectiva de curr?culo integrado. Ap?s submeter os dados coletados ? An?lise Textual Discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2011), foram identificadas seis categorias emergentes, as quais, por meio de suas unidades de sentido, forneceram algumas poss?veis respostas ao problema da investiga??o. Os elementos considerados mais significativos foram destacados e interpretados a partir dos depoimentos que est?o relacionados ? constru??o de um curr?culo integrado no local investigado, como: (I) o desenvolvimento do sentimento de pertencimento e de reconhecimento ? institui??o; (II) o entendimento da miss?o e dos valores de um Instituto Federal; (III) o desenvolvimento de processos pedag?gicos que incluam atividades interdisciplinares e projetos de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o; (IV) o cen?rio pol?tico-econ?mico-social e sua influ?ncia na constru??o de um curr?culo integrado; (V) a rela??o entre pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais, a perman?ncia de estudantes no campus e o plano de carreira dos docentes e; (VI) a qualifica??o e a pr?tica reflexiva dos profissionais s?o importantes para promover maior qualidade ao que ? desenvolvido na escola. Um projeto democr?tico de Educa??o tamb?m deve considerar a identidade da sua comunidade escolar e, por tal raz?o, esta pesquisa tamb?m buscou tra?ar o perfil do grupo por meio de question?rios. A leitura do referencial te?rico acerca da EPT, tais como em Frigotto (2012; 2015), Saviani (2003; 2007; 2009), Ramos (2012; 2010; 2017), Machado (2008; 2010) e Moura (2008; 2010), evidencia que ? preciso compreender a hist?rica rela??o entre trabalho-educa??o-sistemas produtivos e o trabalho como princ?pio educativo ? vinculado ? indissociabilidade entre ci?ncia, tecnologia, cultura ? para se construir um curr?culo integrado, principalmente em escolas que oferecem Cursos T?cnicos Integrados ao Ensino M?dio.