A estrat?gia did?tica de resolu??o de problemas na forma??o de professores de qu?mica

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In this work it is presented a research developed in the initial training of teachers of the chemistry graduation course at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The intervention was realized in two classes in the context of a discipline in the curricular structure with nineteen undergraduate students of chemistry. The study utilizes characteristics of the qualitative approach and uses observation, questionnaires, interviews and examination papers. The experiment involved a sequence of activities fundamented on the Problem Solving (PS) teaching strategy to approach chemical concepts. The proposal was planned and organized according to the theoretical presupposition of the work developed by the authors of the Science Education in PS, of teaching experience and from the initial hypotheses of the research. The goal was that the future teachers could experience the strategy and advance to the new meanings. The themes addressed in the activities were the difference between exercises and problems, exercises turning into problems, the steps of problem solving and some implications of the teaching strategy for the work of the teacher. The results showed evidence that through a process of collective reflection, and from the difficulties experienced in the strategy practice, the undergraduates are introduced to new perspectives of reflection and action of teaching practice, and understanding some benefits of innovative proposals for the teaching of chemistry. It also showed that, although this theme is approached, in some moments of the graduation, the future teachers don‟t know when or how to realize activities in this perspective. From the aspects that rose in research we highlighted the difficulties in the problem solving steps, the use of the strategy in school and the knowledge and skills of the teacher for planning activities in Problem Solving
Neste trabalho ? apresentada uma experi?ncia desenvolvida durante a forma??o inicial de professores no curso de Licenciatura em Qu?mica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). A interven??o se deu em duas turmas no contexto de uma disciplina da estrutura curricular com dezenove licenciandos de qu?mica. A pesquisa traz elementos da abordagem qualitativa e fez uso da observa??o, de question?rios, entrevistas e prova pedag?gica. A experi?ncia envolveu uma sequ?ncia de atividades fundamentadas na estrat?gia de ensino por Resolu??o de Problemas (RP) para abordar conceitos qu?micos. A proposta foi planejada e organizada de acordo com os pressupostos te?ricos dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por autores da Did?tica das Ci?ncias em RP, da experi?ncia docente e de hip?teses iniciais da investiga??o. O objetivo era que os futuros professores pudessem vivenciar a estrat?gia e avan?ar para os novos significados. Os temas abordados nas atividades foram as diferen?as entre os exerc?cios e problemas, a transforma??o de exerc?cios em problemas, as etapas de resolu??o de problemas e algumas implica??es da estrat?gia de ensino para o trabalho docente. Os resultados evidenciaram que, atrav?s de um processo de reflex?o coletiva, e a partir das dificuldades encontradas na pr?tica da estrat?gia, os licenciandos s?o introduzidos em novas perspectivas de reflex?o e a??o da pr?tica de ensino e de compreens?o de alguns benef?cios de propostas inovadoras para o ensino de qu?mica. Revela tamb?m que apesar do tema RP ser abordado, em alguns momentos durante o curso de gradua??o, os futuros professores sinalizaram que n?o sabem como e quando realizar atividades nessa perspectiva. Dos aspectos que emergiram na investiga??o destacamos as dificuldades nas etapas de resolu??o de problemas, a utiliza??o da estrat?gia no contexto escolar e os conhecimentos e habilidades do professor para planejar atividades em RP