Fatores econ??micos e sociais: impacto no resultado do ??ndice de Desenvolvimento da Educa????o B??sica (IDEB) de munic??pios do Estado de S??o Paulo de 2005 a 2015

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This study, developed under the Stricto Sensu Post Graduation Program in Education at Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia (UCB), discusses the influence of economic and social variables on the results of the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb), in Municipalities of the State of S??o Paulo, from 2005 to 2015. In order to analyze such influences, It has been studied the issue of Brazilian federalism and its historical implications, especially economic and social inequality in Brazil and the State of S??o Paulo. A bibliographical research was also carried out with the purpose of analyzing the state of the art of inequality and its implications in education, as well as the financing of education in Brazil. In order to give more support to the research, an exploratory research was also carried out, with an analysis of numerous financial documents of municipal expenditures, historical expenditure series on education, health and sanitation, besides tax collection, Gini index, Social Vulnerability Index of the State of S??o Paulo, average income of families, population and data of all editions of Ideb. As a type of research the quantitative data analysis was used in panel, in which it was sought to verify the influence of the economic and social variables in the variation of the Ideb over time. The panel analysis identified that the variables education expenditure, teacher compensation, sanitation, Tax on Operations Related to the Circulation of Goods and on Services of Interstate, Intermunicipal and Communication Services (ICMS) share has an influence on Ideb's result, although it does not explain the total results of the indicator. Research shows that extra classroom factors, of a social nature, can make a difference in improving the quality of education, when considering the ideb indicator.
Este trabalho, desenvolvido no Programa de P??s-Gradua????o Stricto Sensu em Educa????o da Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia (UCB), aborda as influ??ncias de vari??veis econ??micas e sociais nos resultados do ??ndice de Desenvolvimento da Educa????o B??sica (Ideb), em Munic??pios do Estado de S??o Paulo, no per??odo de 2005 a 2015. Para analisar tais influ??ncias, foi estudada a quest??o do federalismo brasileiro e suas implica????es hist??ricas, em especial na desigualdade econ??mica e social no Brasil e no Estado de S??o Paulo. Tamb??m foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogr??fica, com o prop??sito de se analisar o estado da arte da desigualdade e suas implica????es na educa????o, bem como do financiamento da educa????o no Brasil. Para dar maior suporte ?? pesquisa, tamb??m foi realizada uma pesquisa explorat??ria, com an??lise de in??meros documentos financeiros de despesas dos munic??pios, s??ries hist??ricas de despesa na educa????o, sa??de e saneamento, al??m da arrecada????o de impostos, ??ndice de Gini, ??ndice de Vulnerabilidade Social do Estado de S??o Paulo, rendimento m??dio das fam??lias, popula????o e dados de todas as edi????es de Ideb. Como tipo de pesquisa se utilizou a quantitativa, com an??lise de dados em painel, em que se buscou verificar as influ??ncias das vari??veis econ??micas e sociais na varia????o do Ideb, ao longo do tempo. Com a an??lise em painel se identificou que as vari??veis despesas com educa????o, remunera????o de professores, saneamento e cota-parte de ICMS tem influ??ncia no resultado do Ideb, apesar de n??o explicar a totalidade dos resultados do indicador. A pesquisa demonstra que fatores extra sala de aula, de car??ter social, podem fazer a diferen??a na melhora da qualidade da educa????o, quando se considera o indicador ideb.