Promessas constitucionais e pol??ticas p??blicas: o controle das decis??es pol??ticas no processo de formula????o das pol??ticas p??blicas e o papel do Minist??rio P??blico

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This study supports the idea that the intervention of the public prosecutor in the public policy process, ie, the steps of creation of public policies, as policy decisions watchdog, is a measure that provides editing policies compliant with the Federal Constitution, ie, quality public policy, efficient, and able to promote the evolution of Brazilian society, always with respect to the constitutional precepts. Initially, the study presents a conceptual notion of public policy, pointing at this point, a behavioral approach to this conceptual notion. Further, we state that the formulation of activity of public policy stems from an eminently political and decision-making, marked, therefore, by an immanent discretion. On the characteristics that mark this formulation process, the study addresses the theories of public choices and limited rationality to demonstrate the need for control of the decisions taken in the public policy process, given the risks arising from the political discretion abuse. The study presents a constitutional notion of discretion to highlight the submission process of developing public policies to constitutional principles. In this discussion, we stress the constitutional principle of efficiency and its close relationship with the Economic Analysis of Law, a connection that increases the demand for great public policy, top quality, considering the resources available. Given the concern to ensure the formulation of appropriate public policies (efficient, high quality) the study concludes that the prosecution, because of its constitutional profile and the legal instruments available to it, can and should manage a set of strengthening relations / punishment to control the decisions of policy makers in order to edit that public policy in accordance with the Federal Constitution.
O presente estudo defende a ideia de que a interven????o do Minist??rio P??blico no processo de formula????o de pol??ticas p??blicas, ou seja, nas etapas de cria????o das pol??ticas p??blicas, como ??rg??o de controle das decis??es pol??ticas, ?? medida que propicia a edi????o de pol??ticas p??blicas conformes ?? Constitui????o Federal, ou seja, pol??ticas p??blicas de qualidade, eficientes, capazes de promover a evolu????o da sociedade brasileira, sempre em respeito aos preceitos constitucionais. Inicialmente, o estudo apresenta uma no????o conceitual de pol??ticas p??blicas, apontando, neste ponto, uma abordagem comportamental desta no????o conceitual. Mais adiante, afirma-se que o a atividade de formula????o das pol??ticas p??blicas decorre de um processo eminentemente pol??tico e decis??rio, marcado, portanto, por uma discricionariedade imanente. Diante das caracter??sticas que marcam esse processo de formula????o, o estudo aborda as teorias das escolhas p??blicas e da racionalidade limitada para demonstrar a necessidade de controle das decis??es tomadas no processo de formula????o de pol??ticas p??blicas, haja vista os riscos que decorrem do abuso da discricionariedade pol??tica. O estudo apresenta uma no????o constitucional da discricionariedade para destacar a submiss??o do processo de elabora????o de pol??ticas p??blicas aos princ??pios constitucionais. Nesta discuss??o, sublinha-se o princ??pio constitucional da efici??ncia e sua ??ntima rela????o com a An??lise Econ??mica do Direito, conex??o que refor??a a exig??ncia de pol??ticas p??blicas ??timas, de m??xima qualidade, considerando os recursos dispon??veis. Diante da preocupa????o em se garantir a formula????o de pol??ticas p??blicas adequadas (eficientes, de alta qualidade) o estudo conclui que o Minist??rio P??blico, em raz??o de seu perfil constitucional e dos instrumentos jur??dicos que disp??e, pode e deve gerir um conjunto de rela????es de refor??o/puni????o de modo a controlar as decis??es dos formuladores de pol??ticas p??blicas, a fim de que editem pol??ticas p??blicas em conformidade com a Constitui????o Federal.