Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Scoping Review

Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat,1 Ruzita Abd Talib,1 Sami F Alarsan,1 Nesreen Saadeh,2 Ghada Shahrour3 1Centre for Community Health Studies (Reach), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Sami F Alarsan, Email P106966@siswa.ukm.edu.myAim: Obesity is currently one of the main health problems and represents a challenge for health education programs. Experts point out that obesity is becoming a global epidemic as the number of children suffering from obesity has increased at alarming rates in developing and developed countries. The main objective of this scoping review was identifying the risk factors for overweight and obesity in school children aged 6 to 18 years.Methods: Included articles were published between January 1993 and June 2022, written in English, and focused on school children aged 6 to 18 years. The search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases. In total, 153 articles were included in the final qualitative analysis of the study findings.Results: The findings of this scoping review showed that the risk factors for overweight and obesity are mainly categorized into socioeconomic and household factors, environmental factors, behavioral factors, and biological factors. In addition, the interaction between these factors was found to be a significant risk factor for overweight and obesity among school children aged 6 to 18 years.Conclusion: The study underscores the need for targeted, school-based interventions to address the risk factors contributing to overweight and obesity among school children aged 6 to 18 years. These interventions should include curriculum-embedded education about healthy eating and physical activity, fostering an environment that promotes healthy food choices and regular exercise, ...