A aritmética do jogo do nim no ensino fundamental ; The arithmetic of nim game for elementary school

With intention to revive the interest in mathematics in a group of elementary school students is that this work was conceived. We had the wish to teach the fundamentals of arithmetic with the clear purpose of reviewing the four basic operations, without the students realized they would be doing repetitive and tedious processes. We would also like to extend mathematical knowledge beyond textbooks and, instigate them to do historical researches and asking for resolutions of related problems. The initial strategy was teach the Nim game, a traditional didactic game that has several versions, all with unique instructional purposes, understand and apply in various ways the division algorithm. We took advantage of this initial stimulus to introduce for thirteen classes, various ingredients and formulas that are often obtained via recurrence, divisibility criteria and even historically famous conjectures. In this work we make an account of all these activities, making reflections on the theory and pedagogical practice and giving opinions on the receptivity of the students of the sixth year of E.M.E.F. Doutor Ulisses Rodrigues, at each step, and present several other Nim game versions for possible applications in practical classes on basic arithmetic. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ; Com intuito de reavivar o interesse pela Matemática num grupo formado por alunos do Ensino Fundamental é que este trabalho foi concebido. Desejávamos ensinar os fundamentos de aritmética com o objetivo claro de revisar as quatro operações básicas de modo que os alunos percebessem que não estariam automatizando processos repetitivos e enfadonhos. Gostaríamos também de ampliar o conhecimento matemático para além dos livros didáticos, instigando-os á investigações históricas e na busca de resoluções de problemas correlatos. A estratégia inicial foi ensinar o jogo do Nim, um tradicional jogo didático que apresenta várias versões, todas com objetivo único de entender e aplicar de vários modos o algoritmo da divisão. ...