نبذة مختصرة : Fundamental laws govern all complex flow systems, including natural ecosystems, economic and financial systems. Natural ecosystems are practical examples of sustainability: enduring, vital, adaptive. The sustainability of any complex flow system can be measured with a single metric as emergent property of its structural diversity and interconnectivity; it requires a balance in emphasis between efficiency and resilience. The urgent message for economics from nature is that the monoculture of national currencies, justified on the basis of market efficiency, generates structural instability in our global financial system. Economic sustainability therefore requires differentiation in types of currencies, specifically through complementary currencies. ; Все сложные подвижные системы, в том числе природные экосистемы или экономические и финансовые системы, управляются фундаментальными законами. Природные экосистемы – это практические примеры длительной устойчивости (sustainability): они выдерживают проверку временем, приспосабливаются к изменениям, выживают. Длительную устойчивость любой сложной подвижной системы можно измерить количественно как функцию ее структурной диверсификации и внутренней взаимосвязанности; ей требуется соблюдение равновесия между эффективностью и гибкостью. Природа посылает экономике срочное сообщение о том, что монокультура национальных валют, оправданная с точки зрения рыночной эффективности, порождает структурную неустойчивость нашей глобальной финансовой системы, и поэтому обеспечение длительной экономической устойчивости требует диверсификации валют, в частности, через введение дополнительных ее типов.
Relation: https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/528/531; Bank of International Settlements (BIS). (2008) Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity 2008 - Final Results. Washington, DC.; Cahn, Edgar. (2004). No More Throw Away People. Washington, DC: Essential Books.; Caprio, Gerard Jr, and Daniela Klingebiel. (1996). Bank Insolvencies: Cross Country Experience Policy Research Working Papers No.1620. Washington, DC, World Bank, Policy and Research Department.; Conrad, Michael. (1983). Adaptability: The Significance of Variability from Molecule to; Ecosystem. New York, Plenum Press.; Daly, Herman. E. (1997). Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development. Boston, Beacon Press.; Friedman Milton. (1953). The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates. In Essays in Positive Economics (pp. 157-203). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.; Goerner, Sally J., Bernard Lietaer, and Robert E. Ulanowicz. (2009). Quantifying Economic Sustainability: Implications for free enterprise theory, policy and practice. Ecological Economics, 69 (1), 76-81.; Greco, Tom. (2003). Money: Understanding and Creating Alternatives to Legal Tender. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.; Kent, Deirdre. (2005). Healthy Money, Healthy Planet: Developing Sustainability through new money systems. New Zealand: Craig Potton Publishing.; Keynes, John Maynard. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money London: Macmillan. P. 159.; Kindleberger, Charles P. (1978). Manias, Panics and Crashes (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons.; Lietaer, Bernard. (2001). The Future of Money. London: Century.; Lietaer, Bernard, Robert E.Ulanowicz, and Sally J.Goerner. (2009). Options for Managing a Systemic Bank Crisis. Sapiens, 2 (1). Available online at http://sapiens.revues.org/index747.html; Odum, Eugene. P. (1953). Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders.; Rosl, Gerhard. (2006) Regional Currencies in Germany: Local Competition for the Euro?. Discussion Paper, Series 1: Economic Studies, No 43/2006, Deutsche Bundesbank Eurosystem. Available for download at http://www.bundesbank.de/download/volkswirtschaft/dkp/2006/200643dkp_en.pdf; Stodder, James. (1998). Corporate Barter and Economic Stabilization. International Journal of Community Currency Research, 2.; Stodder, James. (2000). Reciprocal Exchange Networks: Implications for Macroeconomic Stability. In Conference Proceedings, International Electronic and Electrical Engineering (IEEE), Engineering Management Society (EMS), Albuquerque, New Mexico. Available for; download at http://www.appropriateeconomics. org/materials/reciprocal_exchange_networks.pdf. An updated version (2005) is available at http://www.rh.edu/~stodder/Stodder_WIR3.htm; Stodder, James. (2009). Complementary Credit Networks and Macro-Economic Stability: Switzerland’s Wirtschaftsring. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72, 79–95. Available for download at http://www.rh.edu/~stodder/BE/WIR_Update.pdf; Studer, Tobias. (1998). WIR in unsere Volkswirtschaft. (English translation: WIR and the; Swiss National Economy). Available at http:/www.lulu. com/content/268895.; Tilly, Laurence. J. (1968). The structure and dynamics of Cone Spring. Ecol. Monographs 38: 169-197.; Ulanowicz, Robert E. (2010) Forthcoming book. A Third Window: Natural Foundations or Life.; Ulanowicz, Robert.E., C. Bondavalli, C., and M.S. Egnotovich. (1996). Network Analysis of Trophic Dynamics in South Florida Ecosystems, FY 96: The Cypress Wetland Ecosystem. Annual Report to the United States Geological Service Biological Resources Division University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 33124.; Ulanowicz, Robert.E., Sally J. Goerner, Bernard Lietaer, and Rocio Gomez. (2009). Quantifying sustainability: Resilience, efficiency and the return of information theory. Ecological Complexity 6 (1): 27-36.; Wray, Randall L. (1998). Understanding Modern Money: the Key to Full Employment and Price Stability. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing; Zorach, Alexander.C. and Robert.E. Ulanowicz. (2003). Quantifying the complexity of flow networks: How many roles are there? Complexity 8 (3): 68-76.; https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/528
Rights: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal right of first publication of the work which after expiration of six months are automatically licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License which allows third parties to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). ; Авторы, публикующие статьи в данном журнале, соглашаются на следующее:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы, которая по истечении 6 месяцев после публикации автоматически лицензируется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например, в институтском хранилище или на персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access).
No Comments.