Performance of an expedited rhythm control method for recent onset atrial fibrillation in a community hospital

Background A standard approach to recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in the emergency department (ED) in the United States has not been established. Purpose The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to determine how an ED protocol emphasizing rhythm control for recent onset AF compared similar patients receiving standard therapy in the same facility. Methods We enrolled consecutive patients presenting to our community hospital with recent onset AF into a protocol, which called for rhythm control with procainamide and if unsuccessful electrical cardioversion and discharge home. We compared this prospective cohort with matched historical controls. Primary outcome was admission rate. We also compared ED conversion rates and lengths of stay (LOS). We reported 30-day data on the study group including ED recidivism, recurrent AF, outpatient follow-up, and any important adverse events. Results Fifty-four patients were enrolled in the study group with 4 being admitted compared with 30 of 50 in the historical control group. Ninety-four percent of the study group converted compared with 28% in the historical control. Both hospital and ED LOS were significantly shorter for the study group. Six patients had recurrent AF, and 4 of those returned to the ED. Conclusion An ED protocol that uses rhythm control decreased hospital admission and LOS, and there were no adverse events at 30 days.