Vascular dysfunction in aged mice contributes to persistent lung fibrosis.

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101130839 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-9726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14749718 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Aging Cell Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Pub., c2002-

Bleomycin/*adverse effects ; Fibrosis/*pathology ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/*chemically induced ; Lung/*pathology; Animals ; Humans ; Mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease thought to result from impaired lung repair following injury and is strongly associated with aging. While vascular alterations have been associated with IPF previously, the contribution of lung vasculature during injury resolution and fibrosis is not well understood. To compare the role of endothelial cells (ECs) in resolving and non-resolving models of lung fibrosis, we applied bleomycin intratracheally to young and aged mice. We found that injury in aged mice elicited capillary rarefaction, while injury in young mice resulted in increased capillary density. ECs from the lungs of injured aged mice relative to young mice demonstrated elevated pro-fibrotic and reduced vascular homeostasis gene expression. Among the latter, Nos3 (encoding the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS) was transiently upregulated in lung ECs from young but not aged mice following injury. Young mice deficient in eNOS recapitulated the non-resolving lung fibrosis observed in aged animals following injury, suggesting that eNOS directly participates in lung fibrosis resolution. Activation of the NO receptor soluble guanylate cyclase in human lung fibroblasts reduced TGFβ-induced pro-fibrotic gene and protein expression. Additionally, loss of eNOS in human lung ECs reduced the suppression of TGFβ-induced lung fibroblast activation in 2D and 3D co-cultures. Altogether, our results demonstrate that persistent lung fibrosis in aged mice is accompanied by capillary rarefaction, loss of EC identity, and impaired eNOS expression. Targeting vascular function may thus be critical to promote lung repair and fibrosis resolution in aging and IPF.
(© 2020 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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HL137366 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL142596 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL092961 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL127203 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HL142596 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; T32 HL007035 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL137366 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; HL092961 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS

Keywords: aging; eNOS; fibroblast activation; lung fibrosis; vascular dysfunction

11056-06-7 (Bleomycin)

Date Created: 20200722 Date Completed: 20210824 Latest Revision: 20240329

20240329

PMC7431829

10.1111/acel.13196

32691484